Apple checks if that version is still "open." If it is, they send back an SHSH blob.
An (Signature HaSH) is a unique digital signature that Apple uses to verify the firmware version you are trying to install on your device. Every time you restore or update your iPhone via iTunes or Finder, the software sends a request to Apple’s servers. Apple then "signs" this request with a blob specific to your device's unique ID (ECID) and the specific iOS version.
If a new update makes your phone slow or you dislike the features, you can only go back to an older version if you have saved the blobs for that specific version while it was still being signed. shsh blobs
Your device sends its ECID and the firmware version to Apple's servers.
Popular community tools like TSS Saver (online) or Blobsaver (desktop application) can automatically fetch and store these for you. Apple checks if that version is still "open
You cannot save blobs for a version of iOS that Apple is no longer signing. You must be proactive.
Without this digital signature, your device will refuse to boot or install the operating system. Why Do They Matter? Apple then "signs" this request with a blob
It is a best practice among enthusiasts to save blobs every time a new iOS version is released, regardless of whether you plan to update or not. The "Nonce" Problem